Systematic review of qualitative studies on the decision dilemma of blood glucose management during pregnancy in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To systematically evaluate the qualitative studies on the decision dilemma of blood glucose management during pregnancy in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus, so as to provide reference for the subsequent formulation of intervention strategies.Methods:The qualitative studies on the decision dilemma of blood glucose management during pregnancy in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus in the Cochrane Library, CINAHL, EMbase, PubMed, PsycINFO, ProQuest, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Internet, Wanfang, VIP and Chinese Biomedical Database were searched from inception to May 2022. The JBI Critical Appraisal Tool for qualitative studies in Australia (2016) was used to evaluate the literature quality, and research results were summarized and integrated by integrating methods.Results:A total of 13 studies were included, 56 themes were extracted, and they were summarized into 9 categories, forming 3 integrated results as following, lack of personalized and professional information on blood glucose management, worring about the influence of blood glucose management on the health of mothers and children, conflict between daily life and blood glucose management plan.Conclusions:Health care workers should provide gestational diabetes mellitus patients with adequate personalized professional information support on blood glucose management to facilitate scientific decision-making during pregnancy, and also analyze the benefits and risks of different decisions for patients to help them make the best decision and strengthen their external support system to help them implement blood glucose management decisions.

Factors associated with adherence to screening before diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma related to chronic hepatitis B / 预防医学

Objective@#To investigate the factors associated with the patient's adherence to screening in the five years before the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) related to chronic hepatitis B ( CHB ), so as to provide reference for improving the screening rate.@*Methods@#From June 2016 to April 2018, the patients with newly diagnosed HCC and a history of CHB for more than five years in Southwest Hospital in Chongqing were interviewed. The information about socio-demographic characteristics, health status, medical care and HCC screening in the past five years were collected. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the factors associated with adherence to screening. @*Results@#Among 420 participants, 140 ( 33.33% ) adhered to HCC screening, 124 ( 29.53% ) had irregular/incomplete screening, while 156 ( 37.14% ) never had screening. The proportion of early-stage HCC at diagnosis was significantly higher in patients who adhered to screening ( 77.14% ) than that in patients who had irregular/incomplete screening (35.48%) or no screening ( 12.82% ) and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05 ). The multivariate analysis demonstrated that five factors were significantly associated with patient's adherence to screening, including education level of high school and above ( OR=2.346, 95%CI: 1.370-4.017), family history of HCC ( OR=2.795, 95%CI: 1.457-5.362 ), history of chronic diseases ( OR=3.860, 95%CI: 2.052-7.262), acceptance of antiviral therapy ( OR=17.816, 95%CI: 9.702-32.716 ) and specialized clinic visits ( OR=8.332, 95%CI: 1.588-43.710 ).@*Conclusions@#Adherence to screening is conducive to the early detection of HCC, but the screening rate is low in the patients with CHB. Education level, history of HCC, health status and medical status are significantly related to screening adherence.

Bushen Tiaogan prescription reverses prednisone-induced osteoporosis in zebrafish / 中国组织工程研究

BACKGROUND: Our previous studies have found that Bushen Tiaogan prescription can significantly reduce pain and improve the clinical symptoms of traditional Chinese medicine in elderly patients with osteoporosis. The clinical effect is positive, but there is no relevant experimental evidence. OBJECTIVE: To explore the safety of Bushen Tiaogan prescription and its therapeutic effect on prednisolone-induced osteoporosis. METHODS: The zebrafish juveniles 5 hours after fertilization were evenly distributed into 24-well plates at a density of 20 per well. Different concentrations of Bushen Tiaogan prescription (crude drug concentrations 10, 50, 100, 250, 500 mg/L) were added to the corresponding wells. The development of the embryos was observed at 24, 48, 72, 96 hours after fertilization, and the cumulative survival rate and hatching rate were used to evaluate the safety of Bushen Tiaogan prescription. The zebrafish juveniles 3 days after fertilization were randomly divided into blank control group (0.5% dimethyl sulfoxide), 25 µmol/L prednisolone model group, alendronate sodium positive drug group and Bushen Tiaogan prescription (10, 50, 100, 250, 500 mg/L) groups, with 40 in each group. The culture fluid was changed every day and executed at the 8th day. Zebrafish juveniles were dyed using alizarin red for microscopic detection and digital imaging and the bone staining area was quantitatively analyzed by image software to evaluate the anti-osteoporosis activity of Bushen Tiaogan prescription. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The low-concentration Bushen Tiaogan prescription had no effect on embryo survival rate and hatching rate, while the high-concentration Bushen Tiaogan prescription could reduce embryo survival rate and hatching rate. Prednisolone, 25 µmol/L, was able to successfully induce significant loss of bone mass in zebrafish. Compared with the model group, 50, 100 and 250 mg/L Bushen Tiaogan prescription could resist prednisolone-induced zebrafish osteoporosis in a concentration-dependent manner. At low concentrations, there was no significant anti-osteoporosis effect, and at high concentrations, anti-osteoporosis effect showed a downward trend. These findings indicate that 25 µmol/L prednisolone successfully induces the establishment of zebrafish osteoporosis model, and successfully evaluates the initial safety of Bushen Tiaogan prescription. Bushen Tiaogan prescription begins to show an anti-osteoporosis effect at 50 mg/L, and has the most significant anti-osteoporosis effect at 250 mg/L.

Effect of mild hypothermia on renal ischemia/reperfusion injury after cardiopulmonary resuscitation in a swine model

Abstract Purpose: To investigate the effect of intravascular cooling on renal function after resuscitation. Methods: Twenty four pigs were randomized into three groups (n=8 in each group): therapeutic hypothermia group (TH group), normothermia group (NH group) and sham operation group (SHAM group). After 6 minutes of untreated VF, CPR was performed. Upon ROSC, the TH group received the intravascular cooling. The NH and SHAM group did not undergo therapeutic hypothermia. Haemodynamic parameters were recorded. The bloods were analyzed for serum creatinine (sCr), CysC and NGAL. The kidney was surgically removed observe pathologic changes under a light microscope. Results: The sCr increased in both TH and NH groups after ROSC, compared to baseline. Between two groups, the sCr and creatinine clearance (Cc) showed lower level in the TH group. The urine volume per hour in the TH group were higher during cooling. After resuscitation, NGAL and CysC in the NH group were higher than in the TH group. Under the light microscope, compared with the TH group, the renal injury was prominent in the NH group. Conclusion: Mild hypothermia had a protection to renal ischemia reperfusion injury after resuscitation.

Effect of gastric bypass surgery on mRNA expression level of hepatic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase in type 2 diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rats / 中华胃肠外科杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the effects of gastric bypass surgery(GBP) on hepatic phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase(PEPCK) mRNA expression in type 2 diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Male GK rats were randomized into three groups: gastric bypass surgery(n=10), sham operation with diet restriction(n=10), and sham operation alone(n=10). Liver specimens of GK rats were collected during the intraoperative period for self-control study and 8 weeks after surgery. Fasting blood glucose, food intake, and body weight were recorded before surgery and 1, 2, 4, 8 weeks after surgery. The expression of PEPCK mRNA was measured by real-time PCR.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The fasting plasma glucose level decreased from(17.6±2.1) mmol/L before surgery to(7.5±0.9) mmol/L 8 weeks after surgery in GBP group. The level of PEPCK mRNA decreased from 1.08±0.38 before surgery to 0.41±0.10 8 weeks after surgery, significantly lower than that in sham operation alone group(1.04±0.12)(P<0.01). The level of PEPCK mRNA in diet restriction group increased from 1.15±0.16 before surgery to 2.54±0.82 8 weeks after surgery(P<0.01). The expression of PEPCK mRNA in diet restriction was significantly higher than that in CBP group(P<0.01).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>GBP can significantly improve hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetic GK rat models, which may be associated with the decrease of hepatic PEPCK mRNA level.</p>

Effect of extract of ginkgo biloba leaves on the precondition of liver graft in rat liver transplantation / 中南大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the effect of extract of ginkgo biloba leaves on the precondition of liver graft in rat liver transplantation.@*METHODS@#Male Sprague-Dawley rats were used as donors and recipients of orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT), and were randomly divided into extract of ginkgo biloba leaves group (Egb), NS control group (NS), and sham operation group (SO) according to whether the extract of ginkgo biloba leaves was injected by the venous (40 mg/kg) 1 h before the liver grafts harvesting. The rats were killed at 2 h, 6 h, and 24 h after the ischemia/reperfusion. The serum concentrations of ALT and AST were determined and the liver tissue were sampled to observe the expression of TNF-alpha and IL-1.@*RESULTS@#After the ischemia/reperfusion the serum concentration of ALT and AST and expressions of TNF-alpha and IL-1 in the hepatic tissue in the NS group significantly increased (p<0.01), and the hepatocytic morphologic change was obvious compared with the SO group. The treatment of ginkgo biloba extract significantly decreased the serum concentration of ALT and AST and the expressions of TNF-alpha and IL-1 in the hepatic tissue in EGb group compared with the NS group (p<0.01), and relieved the hepatocyte swelling and necrosis.@*CONCLUSION@#Ginkgo bilobA extract may decrease the release of TNF-alpha and IL-1 by inhibiting activation of kuffer cells and regulate the cell factors to protect the live.

Anti-apoptosis effect of astragaloside on adriamycin induced rat's cardiotoxicity / 中国中西医结合杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the possible mechanism of anti-myocardial cell apoptosis of astragaloside induced by adriamycin (ADR).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fifty SD rats were randomized into five groups: the normal control group,the model group, the astragaloside low dose (A-L) group, the astragaloside medium dose (A-M) group and the astragaloside high dose (A-H) group, 10 in each group. The normal control group was given normal saline by intraperitoneal injection, while the other four groups were given ADR by intraperitoneal injection once every other day for six times with the total dosage of 15 mg/kg. At the same time, different dosage of astragaloside was administrated by gavage to the three treated groups, and sodium carboxymethycellulose (SCMC) was given to the normal control and the model group. Myocardial cell apoptosis was examined by in situ end-labeled DNA (TUNEL), protein and mRNA expressions of bax, bcl-2 were detected respectively with immunohistochemistry assay and RT-PCR.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with those in the normal control, apoptosis index was significantly higher, the protein and mRNA expressions of bcl-2 were lower and those of bax were higher, in the model group, resulted in lower ratio of bcl-2/bax (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). However, in the A-H group, apoptosis index decreased significantly, the expressions of bcl-2 were higher, those of bax were lower, and ratio of the bcl-2/bax increased (all P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>High dose of astragaloside could suppress the myocardial cell apoptosis induced by ADR with the possible mechanism related to regulating the expressions of bcl-2 and bax.</p>